தொப்பையைக் குறைக்க‍ எளிய யோகா இருக்க‍ கவலை எதுக்கு?

ரொம்ப எளிதானது, ஆனா

பண்றது கஷ்டம். முடிஞ்சா பண்ணி்க்கோங்க.

* காலை வெறும் வயிற்றில் மல்லாந்து படுத்துக்கோங்க

* கைகால்களை நேராக நீட்டியவண்ணம் வைங்க.

* கொஞ்சம் மூச்சை உள்இழுத்து இருகால்களையும் ஒன்றாக வளைக்காமல் கொஞ்சம் மேலே தூக்குங்கள்.

* கையை தரையில் ரொம்ப அழுத்தம் கொடுக்காதீர்கள்.

Yoga

* கால்கள் தரையில் இருந்து இரண்டு சாண் அளவு உயர்ந்தி ருந்தால் போதும்

* எவ்வளவு நேரம் அப்படியே வைத்திருக்க முடியுமோ அவ்வளவு நேரம் அவ்வாறே இருங்கள்

* அவ்வளவுதான். கொஞ்சம் நிதானப்படுத்தி விட்டு மறுபடி தொடருங்கள்.

எச்ச‍ரிக்கைக் குறிப்பு-

* வெறும் வயிற்றில் செய்ய வேண்டும்

* கற்பிணி பெண்கள், சிசேரியன் செய்துகொண்ட பெண்கள், வயற்றில் அறுவைசிகிச்சை செய்துள்ளவர்கள் இதை செய்யக் கூடாது.

Hospital Management System

Healthcare organizations can minimize the challenges of maintaining regulatory compliance by automating IT tasks. This leads to higher standards of efficiency, reliability and transparency.
Strengthen the ability to demonstrate compliance through automating typical IT tasks while ensuring efficient audit preparation through centralizing reporting.

Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals and clinics. And more importantly it is backed by reliable and dependable ICTA support. 
This Hospital Management System is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a wide range of hospital administration and management processes. 
It is an integrated end–to-end Hospital Management System that provides relevant information across the hospital to support effective decision making for patient care, hospital administration and critical financial accounting, in a
seamless flow.
Registration: The Registration module is an integrated patient management system, which captures complete and relevant patient information. The system automates the patient administration functions to have better and efficient patient care process.
1. Patient Registration Details
2. Inpatient and Outpatient Registration
3. Medical Alerts Details
4. Appointment Scheduling (Patient /Doctor wise)
5. Doctor's Schedule Summary
6. Doctors Daily Schedule List
7. Patient Visit History
8. Medical Record Movements
9. Appointments for Radiology tests and Operation Theatre
10. Patient Visit Slip
11. Sponsorship Details
It provides for enquiries about the patient, the patient's location, admission, and appointment scheduling and discharge details. Furthermore, this system even takes care of package deals for a patient for a fixed cost. Medical Record keeps an abstract of clinical data about patients. It allows easy retrieval of medical records on patients.
Billing: The Patient Billing module handles all types of billing for long-term care. This module facilitates cashier and billing operations for different categories of patients like Outpatient, Inpatient and Referral. It provides automatic posting of charges related to different services like bed charges, lab tests conducted, medicines issued, consultant's fee, food, beverage and telephone charges etc.
This module provides for credit partly billing and can be seamlessly integrated with the Financial Accounting Module. The billing module is extensively flexible by which each of your billing plans can be configured to automatically accept or deny. The system is tuned to capture room and bed charges along with ancillary charges based on the sponsorship category. The Billing Screens is used for Inpatient and Outpatient Billing and Invoicing. Furthermore the charges for various services rendered can be recorded through service module and this can be used for billing purposes.
1.    Payment Modes / Details
2.    Sponsorship Conditions Details
3.    Patient Billing Details
4.    Company Sponsorship Details
5.    Package Registration

Possible On-Campus Student Organizations

• Accounting Club
• Accounting Society
• Accounting Association
• Student Accountancy Organization
• Student Accounting Club
• Student Accounting Society
• Beta Alpha Psi
• Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)
• Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA)
• Habitat for Humanity
• Toastmaster International

Accounting-Related Certifications and Credentials

Below is our listing of various certifications, credentials, and other designations that will help you distinguish yourself in the accounting field.

CPA Requirements

Education Requirements

Each state in the U.S. has a "state board of accountancy" that is responsible for licensing certified public accountants (CPAs) who practice in that state. Each board issues rules that govern what a person must do in order to become a licensed CPA. While having a 120-credit bachelor's degree in accounting was, at one time, enough to qualify a person to sit for the CPA Exam, most states now require that candidates complete a 150-credit college degree program. Exact rules vary from state to state. You can find your state's requirements with this link:

State Boards of Accountancy

In general, state boards require the following:

• A total of 150 semester credits from a college or university whose accreditation is accepted by the state (Colleges and universities typically offer a curriculum designed to meet the 150-credit requirement.)
• A minimum of a bachelor's degree
• A specified number of accounting courses
• A specified number of business courses

Colleges and universities with quality accounting degree programs will offer both a bachelor's degree in accounting as well as the more ambitious 150-credit degree, the latter one meeting the state's requirements for sitting for the CPA Exam. If you want to become a CPA, you will choose the 150-credit program. Within those 150 credits you will most likely earn the bachelor's degree in accounting.

You should know from the outset that college accounting courses are difficult—they demand an ability to understand and manipulate complex financial concepts. You will be expected to attain above average grades in an environment known for high grading standards.

Less than half of the students who enroll in a bachelor's degree program in accounting will succeed. The same is true for those who intend to earn the 150-credit degree. Of those students who succeed in qualifying to sit for the CPA Exam, less than half of them will successfully pass this difficult exam.

Learn more about the difficulty of the CPA Exam

If your goal is to become a CPA, you should prepare early. While still in high school, be sure to enroll in courses that are part of the "college track." Completing one or more of the advanced placement (AP) or post-secondary enrollment option (PSEO) courses in high school will give you an advantage.

Meeting the Educational Requirements in Different Ways

Generally, colleges and universities will establish an accounting curriculum that guides students through the entire 150 college credits needed to sit for the CPA Exam. That being said, state boards of accountancy sometimes allow a measure of flexibility. Here are a few examples of people who took a different qualifying route to the CPA Exam:

• Obtained a bachelor's degree in accounting from a college or university noted for its outstanding undergraduate program. The student then attended a prestigious graduate school to earn an MBA degree.
• Obtained a bachelor's degree in accounting from a college or university noted for its outstanding accounting program. The student then moved on to another exceptional university and earned a graduate degree in taxation.
• Graduated from college in only four years with the 150-credit degree. This is because the student had a "head start" coming into college due to the AP (or PSEO) credits earned in high school.

Learn more about Choosing a College or University

Passing the CPA Exam

Once a state or jurisdiction board of accountancy determines that a candidate has met the requirements for sitting for the CPA Exam, the candidate will face the most difficult part of becoming a certified public accountant—the exam itself.

The CPA Exam is infamous for its low pass rates, and this only serves to re-emphasize our advice that you attend a college or university that has a rigorous accounting program.

See our discussion under Accounting Degrees

As a general rule, you should sit for the CPA Exam as soon as you meet your state's academic requirements. The exam is based on academics, so it's best to take the test while your accounting courses are reasonably fresh in your mind. Recollection of coursework material will be far more valuable to you than on-the-job experiences.

We recommend that you sign up for a CPA Exam review course before attempting the CPA Exam. If that is not possible, CPA Exam review materials are available online or in printed books.

Learn more about the CPA Exam

Ethics Exam

After passing the CPA Exam, but before a CPA license is issued, applicants for a CPA license will need to fulfill an ethics requirement, such as completion of an ethics course and/or an ethics exam. Learn your state's requirements regarding ethics at State Boards of Accountancy.

Experience Requirements

The experience requirements for obtaining a CPA license are determined by each state's board of accountancy.

Prior to 2006, if someone had successfully passed the CPA Exam the odds were great that the person could easily find a job that provided the required professional accounting experience. Since 2006, finding an accounting position that provided the required experience is far more challenging.

To learn more about the experience requirements in your state, use the links in the following section.

CPA License Requirements

You must apply for your CPA license through your state's board of accountancy (or its designated licensing agency). You may be required to renew your CPA license annually or biannually.

In order to maintain a CPA license, most state boards of accountancy require CPAs to take a specified number of continuing professional education (CPE) hours within a specified period of time. Boards will state what types of CPEs will meet this requirement.

For more details, check with your state's board of accountancy:

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New York
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• Washington D.C.
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

Organizations for CPAs

While membership in a state society of CPAs and membership in the American Institute of CPAs may not be a legal requirement, we believe it is a practical requirement for the reasons shown below.

State Societies of CPAs

Most certified public accountants join their state society of CPAs. A state society provides useful benefits:

• Informs members about current issues within the state.
• Arranges for continuing professional education seminars on such topics as state taxes, state laws, federal taxes, and technology changes.
• Publishes monthly bulletins, newsletters, magazines, and email notices covering issues important to its members.
• Promotes the accounting profession to students and the general public.

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants is a national professional organization of CPAs. Surprisingly, not all CPAs join this organization, even though it offers significant benefits to its members ranging from technical accounting updates to discounts on products and services. The AICPA publishes the monthly magazine Journal of Accountancy, maintains a website with information on current issues, and provides optional daily email newsletters to keep members informed about important events and issues.

CPAs who are members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) are required to take 120 hours of continuing professional education during each 3-year reporting period. CPE requirements for memberships in other CPA societies or institutes can be found using the following link: State Boards of Accountancy

Learn more about the AICPA and other accounting organizations at Career Resources.

Section 80TTA Deduction- Interest on Bank savings deposit

Section 80TTA is  introduced with effect from April 01, 2013 and will apply from AY 2013-14 and onwards. Section is introduced to provide deduction to an individual or a Hindu undivided family in respect of interest received on deposits (not being time deposits) in a savings account held with banks, cooperative banks and post office. The deduction is restricted to Rs 10,000 or actual interest whichever is lower.

It is also provided that where the income referred to in this section is derived from any deposit in a savings account held by, or on behalf of, a firm, an association of persons or a body of individuals, no deduction shall be allowed under this section in respect of such income in computing the total income of any partner of the firm or any member of the association or any individual of the body.

Analysis of Section 80TTA

Who can claim deduction u/s 80TTA?

Deduction u/s 80TTA is applicable to individual taxpayers and HUF only. This benefit is not available to a firm, an Association of Persons, a Body of Individuals, LLP or Company Assessee.

Eligible savings account for claiming deduction

Saving accounts with any of following entities will qualify:

•  Bank or banking company;
•  Co-operative society engaged in carrying on the banking business and as specified.
•  Post office savings account.

Section 80TTA deduction not available on FD Interest

This deduction is NOT applicable to the interest you received on your FDs/time deposit or term deposit. Term deposit means a deposit received by the bank for a fixed period and can be withdrawn only after the expiry of the predefined fixed period.

Maximum Deduction

• The deduction allowed is  interest received on eligible saving accounts or Rs. 10,000 whichever is lower.
• If interest earned is more than 10,000 then balance amount will be taxable as before i.e considered as Income from Sources and taxed as per your slab rate.
• The deduction is in addition to deduction of Rs. 1.50 Lakh of section 80C of the Income Tax Act-1961.

Applicable from A.Y. 2013-14 Onwards

The section is applicable from April 01, 2012 and will apply from AY 2013-14 and onwards.

TDS Provisions not applicable on Saving Bank Interest

The interest earned on savings account is exempted from TDS under Section 194A of Income Tax Act i.e No TDS is deducted on interest from saving account.

Post office savings bank interest exemption under section 10(15)(i)

Post office savings bank interest is exempt up to Rs. 3500 (in an individual account) and Rs. 7000 (in a joint account) under section 10(15)(i) by virtue of Notification No. 32/2011, dated June 3rd 2011 read with Notification No. GSR 607, dated June 9, 1989. The cumulative impact of section 10(15)(i) and 80TTA as follows:

	Up to the Asessment year 2011-12 Rs.	For the Assessment year 2012-13 Rs.	From the Assessment Year 2013-14 Rs.
Interest on Post Office saving Bank (exemption under section 10(15)(i)	Full Exemption, nothing is taxable	Exemption up to Rs. 3500 in a single account and Rs. 7000 in a joint account	Exemption up to Rs. 3500 in a single account and Rs. 7000 in a joint account
Interest on savings account with a bank, co-operative bank and Post office (deduction under section 80TTA)	No deduction	No deduction	Deduction up to Rs. 10000

The insertion of this new section has been a relief to individual or Hindu undivided family as interest on saving bank account was always a taxable income with no corresponding tax benefits. It would also help in avoiding inclusion of small savings bank interest in the taxable income, which was required to be done after deletion of section 80L.

Extract of Section 80TTA

Deduction in respect of interest on deposits in savings account.

80TTA. (1) Where the gross total income of an assessee, being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, includes any income by way of interest on deposits (not being time deposits) in a savings account with—

(a) a banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, applies (including any bank or banking institution referred to in section 51 of that Act);

(b) a co-operative society engaged in carrying on the business of banking (including a co-operative land mortgage bank or a co-operative land development bank); or

(c) a Post Office as defined in clause (k) of section 2 of the Indian Post Office Act, 1898, there shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this section, be allowed, in computing the total income of the assessee a deduction as specified hereunder, namely:—

(i) in a case where the amount of such income does not exceed in the aggregate ten thousand rupees, the whole of such amount; and

(ii) in any other case, ten thousand rupees.

(2) Where the income referred to in this section is derived from any deposit in a savings account held by, or on behalf of, a firm, an association of persons or a body of individuals, no deduction shall be allowed under this section in respect of such income in computing the total income of any partner of the firm or any member of the association or any individual of the body.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “time deposits” means the deposits repayable on expiry of fixed periods.’.

(Updated on 26.01.2015)

Form 16 Salary Certificate- Is It different from Form 16A?

All salaried employees have to file their income tax returns by July 31. To do this, it is necessary to have the Form 16 document, issued by your employer. Form 16 gives details of tax deducted and the branch of the bank where it is deposited into the central government account. For example, if a TDS of Rs 2,332 and education cess of Rs 68 are deducted from your April salary, Form 16 details the same. It does so for every month in the financial year. It is the final certificate issued by your employer giving details of the salary you have earned and the tax deducted on your behalf and paid to the government. This certificate is given to you at the end of the financial year, generally by April 30. In case there hasn’t been any TDS from your salary, you just get a salary certificate, and not the Form 16. What is Form 16A and how is it different from Form 16? If you are not a salaried employee and work as a professional for an organisation and earn fees, then the certificate that shows TDS details deducted while making payments to you is Form 16A. What if you have worked for more than one company or changed jobs during the year? At the end of the year, you need to collect Form 16 from both your employers as that is the basis on which you would file your returns. When you join a new organisation, you should furnish your TDS details from the previous employer to your current employer. This will help your current employer in deducting tax accordingly. If you do not mention your previous organisation details to your new employer, then you are liable to show the total income from both employees and calculate your tax liability accordingly. What if I cannot get Form 16 from my previous employer? Your best option then is to fill Form 12B and submit it to your new employer. The employer will take into account the previous salary you earned while deducting tax. Do I need to attach Form 16 to my I-T returns? As per the I-T department rules, it is not necessary to attach the original Form 16 to your income tax returns. However, in your interest, you could attach a photocopy of Form 16 while retaining the original with yourself. What other particulars should be checked in Form 16? The first thing you need to confirm in Form 16 is the PAN number. If it is wrong, you have to ask your employer to rectify it and give you a new Form 16. Besides, the employer needs to make a correction at their end by filing revised return of TDS to credit the TDS proceeds to the correctPAN number. What if there is an error in figures in Form 16? You need to tally the figures in Form 16 with the tax declaration statement provided by you to your organisation at the beginning of the year. It’s possible that the figures mentioned are either wrong, or not considered at all. The result would be that fewer deductions would have been shown, resulting in higher tax liability. You might not have submitted the proofs of all investments, or could have forgotten to submit some bills. If there is an error by the employer, you could request them to rectify it and issue a revised Form 16. If a higher tax has been deducted, you can claim a tax refund while filing your returns (Republished with amendments)

What if Employer refuses to issue TDS Certificate / Form 16

I worked in XYZ limited for the period from 01.4.12 to 31.03.2013. My Company deducted TDS of Rs. 1,00,000 but not given TDS certificate till date. What legal remedy I have to force my employer to issue me the TDS certificate i.e. Form 16?

The employee has a right to obtain the TDS certificate in form 16 from his employer. The certificate details should be filled in return of income, since no credit for TDS can be given without it. In case your employer fails to issue the TDS certificate, he shall be liable to a penalty of Rs. 100/- for each day of default u/s 272A(2)g).  The Only remedy in case your employer refuse to issue you tds certificate or he is not issuing TDS certificate is that you can  complain to the concerned Assessing Officer in writing, who will take appropriate action or initiate penalty proceedings against the employer.

The employee however has no other legal remedy against his employer in case he refuses to issue the certificate except that the employee may intimate about such default to concerned Assessing Officer, who may take appropriate action or initiate penalty proceedings against the employer.

Although my previous employer not issued TDS certificate for the TDS deducted by them, can I claim the credit for TDS deducted by them while filing my IT return for A.Y. 2013-14?

Yes. The claim can be made in your return. Department however will raise a demand which will not be enforced on you but on your employer.

Can Employer Decline To Issue Form 16 When there is no deduction of TDS on Salary?

Confusion arises among employees regarding Form 16 is on following grounds :

• That they think Form 16 is a salary certificate.

• That income tax Return can not be filed in absence of Form 16.

While the fact is that  Form 16 is the prescribed form for issue of certificate of deduction of tax at source from an employee. employer can decline to issue Form 16 in case there is no deduction of tax at source.It is clear from a bare reading of section 203 of the I T Act and the relevant rule 31 of IT Rule .

Liability to give a certificate of tax deduction is given in Section 203 of the I T Act .For employer, specific provision is given in sub-section 2 of section 203 of the I T Act. The said subsection is given as under

[Certificate for tax deducted.

203.[(1)] Every person deducting tax in accordance with [the foregoing provisions of this Chapter] [shall, within such period as may be prescribed from the time of credit or payment of the sum, or, as the case may be, from the time of issue of a cheque or warrant for payment of any dividend to a shareholder], furnish to the person to whose account such credit is given or to whom such payment is made or the cheque or warrant is issued, a certificate to the effect that tax has been deducted, and specifying the amount so deducted, the rate at which the tax has been deducted and such other particulars as may be prescribed.]

[(2) Every person, being an employer, referred to in sub-section (1A) of section 192 shall, within such period, as may be prescribed, furnish to the person in respect of whose income such payment of tax has been made, a certificate to the effect that tax has been paid to the Central Government, and specify the amount so paid, the rate at which the tax has been paid and such other particulars as may be prescribed.]

It is clear from the aforesaid provision that an employer shall furnish the certificate only if any tax has been paid to central govt. on behalf of the employee. Rule 31 of IT Rules states that employer has to issue TDS certificate in Form 16 . The said Rule states as under

31. Certificate of tax deducted at source [or tax paid under sub-section (1A) of section 192].

[(1) The certificate of deduction of tax at source [or, the certificate of payment of tax by the employer on behalf of the employee,] under section 203 to be furnished by any person deducting tax in ac­cordance with the provisions of—

(a) section 192 shall be in Form No. 16 :

Therefore , it is legal to refuse to issue a certificate of deduction of tax when there is no deduction of tax

(Republished with amendments)

Deduction we use to forget while computing taxable income

Medical treatment of specified ailments under section 80DDB:-Deductions of expenses on medical treatment of specified ailments (such as AIDS, cancer and neurological diseases) can be claimed under Section 80DDB. The maximum amount of deduction allowed from gross total income is restricted to Rs 40,000 (which goes up to Rs 60,000 if the age of the person treated is 60 years or more) on condition that no medical reimbursement is received from any insurance company or employer for this amount.

In order to claim this deduction, however, you will have to submit Form 10-1 from a specialist doctor working in a government hospital in India, confirming the treatment of the disease.

Deduction for Medical treatment of dependent :- Under Section 80DD of the Act, where an individual has incurred expenditure for the medical treatment, training and rehabilitation of a dependent, being a person with disability or has paid or deposited any amount under prescribed scheme for the maintenance of dependent, such individual will be allowed a deduction to the extent of Rs 50,000. However, if the dependent is suffering from severe disability, a deduction of Rs 75,000 will be allowed.

Charitable deductions under section 80G: Deduction is also available under Section 80G of the I-T Act in respect of donations made by an individual to certain funds, charitable institutions and so on. There is no restriction on the amount of charity.  The rate of deduction, however, is either 50 or 100 per cent, depending on the choice of trust. Also, donations must be made to registered institutions only.

Deductions under section 80GG in respect of rent paid :Deduction to the extent of Rs 2,000 per month or 25 per cent of total income (whichever is less) is available under Section 80GG of the I-T Act in respect of rent paid by an individual on his accommodation, provided the individual does not get any house rent allowance.

Foreign taxes paid:-Foreign Tax Credits may be claimed by an individual in respect of doubly-taxed income which is taxed in India as well as in a foreign country provided the conditions as prescribed under the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between India and the foreign country are satisfied. Even if there is no Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between India and the foreign country, credits may also be claimed under the Act, subject to specified conditions.

Deduction under section 80U for Person with disability:-Under Section 80U of the Act, an individual who is certified by the prescribed medical authority to be a person with disability shall be allowed a deduction of Rs 50,000 and an individual, who is certified as a person with severe disability, shall be allowed a deduction of Rs 75,000. W.e.f. 01.04.2010 this limit has been raised to Rs. 1 lakh.

Interest on loan taken for Home improvement:-Expenditure incurred by an individual on repair and maintenance of house property and interest paid on loan taken for such repairs and maintenance of house property are allowed as deduction while computing income from house property. Thus, if you have gone for any home improvement project, don’t forget to make your claim.

Allowance for daily expenses:- Allowance for daily expenses are exempt from tax under Section 10(14)(i) of the Act read with Rule 2BB(1)(b) of the Income-Tax Rules, 1962, if the same are actually incurred on ordinary daily charges while the employee is on tour and absent from his normal place of duty.

Profit on sale of property used for residence :It would also help to remember that capital gains arising from the transfer of residential property is exempt from tax in the hands of individual under Section 54 of the Act to the extent “expenditure is incurred on the purchase of another residential house within a period of one year before or two years after the date of transfer or expenditure is incurred on construction of a house property within a period of three years after the date of transfer.

Tuition fee paid for the education of children: Believe it or not, but many taxpayers often forget to claim deduction in respect of the tuition fee paid for the education of their children. Deduction, however, is available to an individual under Section 80C of the I-T Act in respect of tuition fees (excluding any payment towards any development fees or donation or payment of similar nature), whether paid at the time of admission or thereafter to any university, college, school or other educational institution situated within India for the purpose of full-time education of any of the children of the individual.

Interest on loan taken for higher education:- Taxpayers also tend to forget that the interest paid on an education loan taken for higher studies qualifies for deduction under Section 80E of the I-T Act. Also, effective April 1, 2008, the said deduction is also available where the loan is taken for the purpose of higher education of spouse or children of the individual or the student for whom the individual is a legal guardian. Thus, if you have taken a loan for higher education, don’t forget to make your claim. Also remember that the deduction benefit on interest is allowed for maximum eight years, or till the interest is fully paid.

(Republished with Amendments)